Disease-A-Month
Volume 53, Issue 10 , Pages 495-502 , October 2007

Pneumococcus

References 

  1. Dagan R, Givon-Lavi N, Zamir O, et al. Effect of a nonavalent conjugate vaccine on carriage of antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in day-care centers. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003;22(6):532–540
  2. Faden H, Heimerl M, Varma C, et al. Urinary excretion of pneumococcal cell wall polysaccharide in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2002;21(8):791–792
  3. Centers for Disease Control. Outbreak of invasive pneumococcal disease in a jail: Texas, 1989. MMWR. 1989;38:733–734
  4. Siedler A, Reinert RR, Toschke M, et al. Regional differences in the epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in toddlers in Germany. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005;24(12):1114–1115
  5. Talbot TR, Hartert TV, Mitchel E, et al. Asthma as a risk factor for invasive pneumococcal disease. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(20):2082–2090
  6. Klein JO. Epidemiology of streptococcus pneumoniae infection and disease in infants and children. Highlights from the First International Pediatric Infectious Disease Conference, September 21-22, 1995, in Vaccine Bulletin Proceedings 1996 Feb;25-8.
  7. Syrjanen RK, Herva EE, Maeela H, et al. The value of nasopharyngeal culture in predicting the etiology of acute otitis media in children less than 2 years of age. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2006;25(11):1032–1036
  8. Martin M, Turco JH, Zegans ME, et al. An outbreak of conjunctivitis due to atypical streptococcus pneumoniae. N Engl J Med. 2003;348(12):1112–1120
  9. Newman N, Dagan R, Reuveni H, et al. Superficial skin infection caused by streptococcus pneumoniae in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005;24(10):937–939
  10. Pneumococcal parotitis in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected child. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1995;14(12):1113–1114
  11. Miron D, Dashkovsky I, Zuker M, et al. Primary streptococcus pneumoniae appendicitis in a child: case report and review. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003;22(3):282–284
  12. Clark JA, Keroack MA. Pneumococcal appendicitis in a man with HIV infection. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:1282
  13. Choi M, Mailman TL. Pneumococcal endocarditis in infants and children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2004;23(2):166
  14. Stern HP, Engstrom CW. Purpura in occult pneumococcal bacteremia. Clin Pediatr. 1984;23(2):1113–1114
  15. VonVigier RO, Fossali E, Croxazzo L, et al. Positive coombs test in postpneumococcal hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005;24(11):1028
  16. Brandt J, Wong C, Mihm S, et al. Invasive pneumococcal disease and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Pediatrics. 2002;110(2):371–376
  17. Rubin RH, King ME, Mark EJ. Case 7, 2003: a 43-year-old man with fever, rapid loss of vision in the left eye, and cardiac findings. N Engl J Med. 2003;348(9):834–843
  18. Centers for Disease Control. Pneumococcal endophthalmitis after ocular surgery: Alaska, California. MMWR. 1990;39(5):71–73
  19. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Outbreak of bacterial conjunctivitis at a college: New Hampshire, January-March, 2002. MMWR. 2002;51(10):205–207
  20. Buck JM, Lexau C, Shapiro M, et al. A community outbreak of conjunctivitis caused by nontypeable streptococcus pneumoniae in Minnesota. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2006;25(10):906–911
  21. Immunization Practices Advisory Committee, Centers for Disease Control. Pneumocele polysaccharide vaccine. MMWR. 1989;38(5):64–75
  22. Schuchat A, Robinson K, Wenger JD, et al. Bacterial meningitis in the United States in 1995. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:970–976
  23. Committee on Infectious Diseases, American Academy of Pediatrics. Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. In: (22nd ed). Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 1991;p. 373
  24. Tregnaghi M, Ceballos A, Ruttimann R, et al. Active epidemiologic surveillance of pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease in ambulatory and hospitalized infants in Cordoba, Argentina. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2006;25(4):370–372
  25. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevention of pneumococcal disease; recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR. 1997;46(RR-8):1–24
  26. Pelton SI. The decline in invasive pneumococcal disease. Pediatrics. 2004;113(3):617–618
  27. Berkley FA, Lowe BS, Mwangi I, et al. Bacteremia among children admitted to a rural hospital in Kenya. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:39–47
  28. Shann F. Etiology of severe pneumonia in developing countries. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1986;5:247–252
  29. Saha SK, Darmstadt GL, Yamanaka N, et al. Rapid diagnosis of pneumococcal meningitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005;24(12):1093–1098
  30. Leaders pledge to combat pneumococcal disease in 2007. Infect Dis Children. 2007;20(2):26
  31. Williams WW, Hickson MA, Kane MA, et al. Immunization policies and vaccine coverage among adults: the risk for missed opportunities. Ann Intern Med. 1988;108:616–625
  32. Freeman AF, Ben-Ami T, Shulman S. Streptococcus pneumoniae empyema necessitatis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2004;23(2):177–178
  33. Arditi M, Mason EO, Bradley EM, et al. Three year multicenter surveillance of pneumococcal meningitis in children: clinical characteristics and outcome related to penicillin susceptibility and dexamethasone use. Pediatrics. 1998;102:1087–1097
  34. Wasier A-P, Chevret L, Essouri S, et al. Pneumococcal meningitis in a pediatric intensive care unit: prognostic factors in a series of 49 children. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2005;6(5):568–572
  35. Klugman EP, Madhi SA. Pneumococcal vaccines and flu preparadeness. Science. 2007;316:49–50
  36. Obando I, Arroro L, Sanchez-Tatay D, et al. Molecular typing of pneumococci causing parapneumonic empyema in Spanish children using multilocus sequence typing directly on pleural fluid samples. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2006;25(10):962–963
  37. Jhaveri R. Pneumococcal empyema: impact of immunization. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2006;25(9):854
  38. Experimental pneumococcus vaccine may reduce pneumonia. Infect Dis Children. 1990;42;Oct
  39. Ulloa-Gutierrez R, Avila-Aguero ML, Herrera ML, et al. Invasive pneumococcal disease in Costa Rican children: a seven year survey. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003;22(12):1069–1074
  40. Austrian R, Gold J. Pneumococcal bacteremia with special reference to bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. Ann Intern Med. 1964;60:759–776
  41. American Academy of Pediatrics. Pneumococcal infections. In:  Pickering LK,  Baker CJ,  Long SS editor. Red Book: 2006 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. (27th ed). Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2006;
  42. Buckingham SC, McCullers JA, Lujan-Zilbermann J, et al. Early vancomycin therapy and adverse outcomes n children with pneumococcal meningitis. Pediatrics. 2006;117(5):1688–1694
  43. Naraqi S, Kirkpatrick GP, Kabins S. Relapsing pneumococcal meningitis (Isolation of an organism with decreased susceptibility to penicillin G). Pediatrics. 1974;85:671–673
  44. Plasencia A, Segura A, Farres J, et al. Pneumococcal vaccine for Olympic athletes and visitors to Spain. N Engl J Med. 1992;327(6):436–437
  45. Kaplan SL, Mason EO, Barson WJ, et al. Three year multicenter surveillance of systemic pneumococcal infections in children. Pediatrics. 1998;102:538–544
  46. Geographic variation in penicillin resistance in streptococcus pneumoniae: selected sites, United States, 1997. MMWR. 1999;48(30):656–660
  47. Whitney CG, Farley MM, Hadler J, et al. Increasing prevalence of multidrug resistant streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2000;343(26):1917–1924
  48. Dagan R, Givon-Lavi N, Zamir O, et al. Effect of a nonavalent conjugate vaccine on carriage of antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in day-care centers. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003;22(6):532–540
  49. Toltzis P, Dul M, O’Riordan MA, et al. Impact of amoxicillin on pneumococcal colonization compared with other therapies for acute otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005;24(1):24–28
  50. Gordon KA, Biedenbach DJ, Jones RN. Comparison of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae susceptibilities from community-acquired respiratory tract infections and hospitalized patients with pneumonia: five year results for the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2003;46:285–289
  51. Cohen R, Levy C, deLaRocque F, et al. Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and of reduction of antibiotic use on nasopharyngeal carriage of nonsusceptible pneumococci in children with acute otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2006;25(11):1001–1007
  52. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Streptococcus pneumoniae, invasive disease, drug-resistant. MMWR. 2005;52(54):11–12
  53. Kyaw MH, Lynfield R, Schaffner W, et al. Effect of introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(14):1455–1464
  54. Stephens DS, Zughaier SM, Whitney CG, et al. Incidence of macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae after introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: population-based assessment. Lancet. 2005;365:855–863
  55. Bizzarro MJ, Raskind C, Baltimore RS, et al. Seventy-five year as of neonatal sepsis at Yale: 1928-2003. Pediatrics. 2005;116(3):595–602
  56. Hsiao AL, Chen L, Baker D. Incidence and predictors of serious bacterial infections among 57- to 180-day-old infants. Pediatrics. 2006;117(5):1695–1701
  57. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Direct and indirect effects of routine vaccination of children with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease: United States, 1998-2003. MMWR. 2005;54(36):893–897
  58. Herz A, Greenhow TL, Alcantara J, et al. Changing epidemiology of outpatient bacteremia in 3- to 36-month-old children after introduction of the heptavalent-conjugated pneumococcal vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2006;25(4):293–300
  59. Poehling KA, Talbot TR, Griffin MR, et al. Invasive pneumococcal disease among infants before and after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. JAMA. 2006;295(14):1668–1674
  60. Lexau CA, Lynfield R, Danila R, et al. Changing epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease among older adults in the era of pediatric pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. JAMA. 2005;294(16):2043–2051
  61. Shafinoori S, Hinocchio CC, Greenberg AJ, et al. Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and the severity of winter influenza-like illnesses on invasive pneumococcal infections in children and adults. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005;24(1):10–16
  62. Whitney CG, Farley MM, Hadler J, et al. Decline in invasive pneumococcal disease after the introduction of protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2003;348(18):1737–1746
  63. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Streptococcus pneumoniae, invasive, drug-resistant. MMWR. 2004;51(53):11
  64. Givon-Lavi N, Fraser D, Dagan R. Vaccination of day-care attendees reduces carriage of streptococcus pneumoniae among their younger siblings. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003;22(6):524–530
  65. Pelton SI, Loughlin AM, Marchant CD. Seven valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine immunization in two Boston communities. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2004;23(11):1015–1022
  66. Madhi SA, Ludewick H, Kuwanda L, et al. Pneumococcal coinfection with human metapneumovirus. J Infect Dis. 2006;193:1236–1243
  67. Dixon BK. Routine penicillin no longer needed in sickle cell?. Pediatr News. 2007;10–11

PII: S0011-5029(07)00103-4

doi: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2007.09.013

Disease-A-Month
Volume 53, Issue 10 , Pages 495-502 , October 2007