Disease-A-Month
Volume 54, Issue 12 , Pages 756-762 , December 2008

The Changing Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

References 

  1. Saravolatz LD, Markowitz N, Arking L, et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: epidemiologic observations during a community-acquired outbreak. Ann Intern Med. 1982;96:11–16
  2. Chambers HF. The changing epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus?. Emerg Infect Dis. 2001;17:178–182
  3. Moran GJ, Krishnadasan A, Gorwitz RJ, et al. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections among patients in the emergency department. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:666–674
  4. Klevenns RM, Edwards JR, Tenover FC, et al. Changes in epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in intensive care units in US hospitals, 1992-2003. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42:389–391
  5. Kuehnert MJ, Hill HA, Kupronis BA, et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus hospitalizations, United States. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005;11:868–872
  6. Lodise TP, McKinnon PS, Rybak M. Prediction model to identify patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia at risk for methicillin-resistance. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2003;24:655–671
  7. Karchmer AW. Nosocomial bloodstream infections: organisms, risk factors and implications. Clin Infect Dis. 2000;31:S13–S43(suppl 4)
  8. Graffunder EM, Venezia RA. Risk factors associated with noscomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection including previous use of antimicrobials. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2002;49:999–1005
  9. Salgado CD, Farr BM, Calfee DP. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a meta-analysis of prevalence and risk factors. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;36:131–139
  10. Davis KA, Stewart JJ, Crouch HK, et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal colonization at hospital admission and its effect on subsequent MRSA infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39:776–782
  11. Huang SS, Platt R. Risk of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection after previous infection or colonization. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;36:281–285
  12. Fridkin SK, Hageman JC, Morrison M, et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus disease in three communities. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:1436–1444
  13. Eady EA, Cove JH. Staphylococcal resistance revisited: community-acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus-an emerging problem for the management of skin and soft tissue infections. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2003;16:103–124
  14. Seybold U, Kourbatova EV, Johnson JG, et al. Emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 genotype as a major cause of health-care associated blood stream infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42:647–656
  15. Klevens RM, Morrison MA, Nadle J, et al. Invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in the United States. J Am Med Assoc. 2007;298:1763–1771
  16. Ellis MW, Hospenthal DR, Dooley DP, et al. Natural history of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization and infection in soldiers. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39:971–979
  17. Yang ES, Tan J, Rieg G, et al. Body site colonization prevalence in patients with community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections [abstract 285]. Program and Abstracts of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (San Diego). 107. Alexandria, VA: Infectious Diseases Society of America; 2007;
  18. Miller LG, Diep BA. Colonization, fomites, and virulence: Rethinking the pathogenesis of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46:752–760
  19. Naimi TS, LeDell KH, Sabetti KC, et al. Comparison of community and healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection. J Am Med Assoc. 2003;290:2976–2984
  20. King MD, Humphrey BJ, Wang YF, et al. Emergence of a community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 clone as the predominant cause of skin and soft-tissue infections. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144:309–317
  21. Ho PL, Chuan SK, Choi YF, et al. Community-associated methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus: skin and soft tissue infections in Hong Kong. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2008;61:245–250
  22. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in Pacific Islanders-Hawaii, 2001-2003. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2004;53:767–770
  23. Groom AV, Wolsey DH, Naimi TS, et al. Community-associated methcillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a rural American Indian community. J Am Med Assoc. 2001;286:1201–1205
  24. Gorwitz RJ, Jernigan DB, Powers JH, et al. Strategies for Clinical Management of MRSA in the Community: Summary of Experts' Meeting Convened by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2006). http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dhqp/ar_mrsa_ca.htmlAccessed May 1, 2008
  25. Beiger EM, Frenette K, Barrett NL, et al. A high-morbidity outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among players on a college football team, facilitated by cosmetic body shaving and turf burns. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39:1446–1453
  26. Kazovaza SV, Hageman JC, Matava M, et al. A clone of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among professional football players. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:468–475
  27. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections among competitive sports participants—Colorado, Indiana, Pennsylvania, and Los Angeles county, 200-2003. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Re0p. 2003;52:793–795
  28. Diep BA, Chambers HF, Graber CJ, et al. Emergence of multidrug-resistant, community-associated, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clone USA200 in men who have sex with men. Ann Intern Med. 2008;148:249–257
  29. Aiello AE, Lowy FD, Wright LN, et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among US prisoners and military personnel: review and recommendations for future studies. Lancet Infect Dis. 2006;6:335–341
  30. Adcock PM, Pastor P, Medley F, et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in two child care centers. J Infect Dis. 1998;178:577–580
  31. Gilbert M, MacDonald J, Gregson D, et al. Outbreak in Alberta of community-acquired methicllin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in people with a history of drug abuse, homelessness or incarceration. CMAJ. 2006;175:149–154
  32. Centers for Disease Control. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin infections among tattoo recipients—Ohio, Kentucky and Vermont, 2004-2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006;55:677–679
  33. Centers for Disease Control. Infectious disease and dermatologic conditions in evacuees and rescue workers after Katrina—Multiple states August–September 2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2005;54:961–964
  34. Campbell KM, Vaugh AF, Russell KL, et al. Risk factors for community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in an outbreak of disease among military trainees in San Diego. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42:4050–4053
  35. Schneider-Lindner VA, Delaney JA, Dial S, et al. Antimicrobial drugs and community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, United Kingdom. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13:994–1000

 Disclaimer: The opinions and assertions contained herein are those of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Department of Defense, the Department of the Navy, or the naval services at large.

PII: S0011-5029(08)00119-3

doi: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2008.09.005

Disease-A-Month
Volume 54, Issue 12 , Pages 756-762 , December 2008