« Previous
Disease-A-Month
Volume 56, Issue 2
, Pages 72-100
, February 2010
Diagnosis and Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke
References
- Deaths: final data for 2005. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2008;56:1–120
- Heart disease and stroke statistics—2009 update. Circulation. 2009;119:e21–e181
- . Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1581–1587
- . Emergency department evaluation and management of stroke: acute assessment, stroke teams and care pathways. Neurol Clin. 2008;26:923–942
- Joint Commission website. http://www.jointcommission.org/CertificationPrograms/Disease-SpecificCare/DCSPM/
- Recommendations for the establishment of primary stroke centers. JAMA. 2000;283:3102–3109
- . Organised inpatient (stroke unit) care for stroke (Review). Cochrane Libr 2008 http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab000197.html
- Impact of establishing a primary stroke center at a community hospital on the use of thrombolytic therapy: the NINDS Suburban Hospital Stroke Center experience. Stroke. 2003;34:e55–e357
- . Prioritizing interventions to improve rates of thrombolysis for ischemic stroke. Neurology. 2005;64:654–659
- Recommendations for comprehensive stroke centers: a consensus statement from the Brain Attack Coalition. Stroke. 2005;36:1597–1618
- . How diagnosis-related group 559 will change the US Medicare cost reimbursement ratio for stroke centers. Stroke. 2007;38:1309–1312
- A review of the evidence for the uses of telemedicine within stroke systems of care (A scientific statement from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association). Stroke. 2009;40:2616–2634
- Efficacy of site-independent telemedicine in the STRokE DOC trial: a randomized, blinded, prospective study. Lancet Neurol. 2008;7:787–795
- Shortening time to stroke treatment using ambulance telemedicine: TeleBAT. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2004;13:148–154
- . Imaging the future of stroke (I. Ischemia). Ann Neurol. 2009;66:574–590
- Guidelines for the early management of adults with ischemic stroke: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council, Clinical Cardiology Council, Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council, and the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Groups. Circulation. 2007;115:e478–e534
- . How to avoid nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: current guidelines in Europe and the United States. Radiol Clin North Am. 2009;47:871–875
- Thrombolysis in patients with transient neurologic deficits. Neurology. 2001;57:2125–2128
- Early stroke treatment associated with better outcome: the NINDS rt-PA Stroke Study. Neurology. 2000;55:1649–1655
- . Association of outcome with early stroke treatment: pooled analysis of ATLANTIS, ECASS, and NINDS rt-PA stroke trials. Lancet. 2004;363:768–774
- Thrombolysis with alteplase 3 to 4.5 hours after acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:1317–1329
- Expansion of the time window for treatment of acute ischemic stroke with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator: a science advisory from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2009;40:2945–2948
- Intra-arterial prourokinase for acute ischemic stroke (The PROACT II study: a randomized controlled trial). JAMA. 1999;282:2003–2011
- Mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke: final results of the Multi MERCI Trial. Stroke. 2008;39:1205–1212
- The penumbra system: a mechanical device for the treatment of acute stroke due to thromboembolism. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2008;29:1409–1413
- . Comparison of mechanical embolectomy and intraarterial thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke within the MCA: MERCI and Multi MERCI compared to PROACT II. Neurocrit Care. 2009;10:43–49
- Good clinical outcome after ischemic stroke with successful revascularization is time-dependent. Neurology. 2009;73:1066–1072
- Methodology of the Interventional Management of Stroke III Trial. Int J Stroke. 2008;3:130–137
- . Randomized placebo-controlled trial of early aspirin use in 20,000 patients with acute ischemic stroke. Lancet. 1997;349:1641–1649
- Early decompressive surgery in malignant infarction of the middle cerebral artery: a pooled analysis of three randomized controlled trials. Lancet Neurol. 2007;6:215–222
- Surgical decompression for space-occupying cerebral infarction (the Hemicraniectomy After Middle Cerebral Artery infarction with Life-threatening Edema Trial [HAMLET]): a multicentre, open, randomized trial. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8:326–333
- Blood pressure decrease during the acute phase of ischemic stroke is associated with brain injury and poor stroke outcome. Stroke. 2004;35:520–527
- Hemi-orolingual angioedema and ACE inhibition after alteplase treatment of stroke. Neurology. 2003;60:1525–1527
- Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:1359–1367
- Randomized trial of insulin-glucose infusion followed by subcutaneous insulin treatment in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction (DIGAMI study): effects on mortality at 1 year. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;26:57–65
- . Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:1283–1297
- Glucose-potassium-insulin infusions in the management of post-stroke hyhperglycaemia: the UK Glucose Insulin in Stroke Trial (GIST-UK). Lancet Neurol. 2007;6:397–406
- The efficacy and safety of enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism after acute ischaemic stroke (PREVAIL Study): an open-label randomised comparison. Lancet. 2007;369:1347–1355
- Neurological outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke receiving enoxaparin or heparin for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis: subanalysis of the Prevention of VTE after Acute Ischemic Stroke with LMWH (PREVAIL) study. Stroke. 2009;40:3532–3540
- . Mild therapeutic hypothermia to improve the neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:549–556
- Treatment of comatose survivors of out-of hospital cardiac arrest with induced hypothermia. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:557–563
- Stroke in a biracial population the excess burden among blacks. Stroke. 2007;38:2001–2023
- Long-term mortality after intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology. 2006;66:1182–1186
- Withdrawal of support in intracerebral hemorrhage may lead to self-fulfilling prophecies. Neurology. 2001;56:766–772
- Volume of intracerebral hemorrhage (A powerful and easy-to-use predictor of 30-day mortality). Stroke. 1993;24:987–993
- Hematoma growth is a determinant of mortality and poor outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology. 2006;66:1175–1181
- . Stroke. Neurol Clin. 2008;26:871–1207
- . Cerebral microbleeds (Evidence of heightened risk associated with aspirin use). Arch Neurol. 2009;66:691–693
- Apolipoprotein E genotype and the risk of recurrent lobar intracerebral hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:240–245
- The increasing incidence of anticoagulant-associated intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology. 2007;68:116–121
- Warfarin use leads to larger intracerebral hematomas. Neurology. 2008;71:1084–1089
- Predictors of outcome in warfarin-related intracerebral hemorrhage. Arch Neurol. 2008;65:1320–1325
- Dynamics of intraventricular hemorrhage in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: risk factors, clinical impact, and effect of hemostatic therapy with recombinant activated factor VII. Neurosurgery. 2006;59:767–773
- Determinants of intracerebral hemorrhage growth: an exploratory analysis. Stroke. 2007;38:1072–1075
- CT angiography “spot sign” predicts hematoma expansion in acute intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2007;38:1257–1262
- Contrast extravasation on CT angiography predicts hematoma expansion in intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology. 2007;68:889–894
- Prior antiplatelet use does not affect hemorrhage growth or outcome after ICH. Neurology. 2009;72:1397–1402
- Warfarin, hematoma expansion, and outcome of intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology. 2004;63:1059–1064
- Guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in adults: 2007 update: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council, High Blood Pressure Research Council; Quality of Care and Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Stroke. 2007;38:2001–2023
- . Intracerebral hemorrhage: pathophysiology and management. Crit Care Med. 1993;21:1591–1603
- Hyperventilation in head injury: a review. Chest. 2005;127:1812–1827
- Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow surrounding acute (6-22 hours) intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology. 2001;57:18–24
- . Antihypertensive treatment of acute cerebral hemorrhage. Crit Care Med. 2009;(in press)
- Intensive blood pressure reduction in acute cerebral haemorrhage trial (INTERACT): a randomized pilot trial. Lancet Neurol. 2008;7:391–399
- Controlling hypertension and hypotension immediately post-stroke (CHHIPS): a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind pilot trial. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8:48–56
- Electrographic seizures and periodic discharges after intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology. 2007;69:1356–1365
- Acute seizures after intracerebral hemorrhage: a factor in progressive midline shift and outcome. Neurology. 2003;60:1441–1446
- Anticonvulsant use and outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2009;40:3110–3115
- Szaflarski JP, Sangha KS, Lindsell CJ, et al. Prospective, randomized, single-blinded comparative trial of intravenous levetiracetam versus phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis. Neurocrit Care (in press).
- Recombinant activated factor IVV for acute intracerebral hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:777–785
- Efficacy and safety of recombinant activated factor VII for acute intracerebral hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:2127–2137
- . Warfarin reversal in anticoagulant-associated intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care. 2008;9:277–283
- Treatment of warfarin-associated intracerebral hemorrhage: literature review and expert opinion. Mayo Clin Proc. 2007;82:82–92
- Early surgery versus initial conservative treatment in patients with spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haematomas in the International Surgical Trial in Intracerebral Haemorrhage (STICH): a randomized trial. Lancet. 2005;365:387–397
- Surgical trial in intracerebral hemorrhage II. http://www.ncl.ac.uk/stich/Accessed November 9, 2009
- . http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00224770Accessed November 19, 2009
- Guidelines for the management of aneurysm subarachnoid hemorrhage: a statement for healthcare professions from a special writing group of the stroke council, American Heart Association. Stroke. 2009;40:994–1025
- Association between subarachnoid hemorrhage outcomes and number of cases treated at California hospitals. Stroke. 2002;33:1851–1856
- Warning signs in subarachnoid hemorrhage: a cooperative study. Acta Neurol Scand. 1991;84:277–281
- Initial misdiagnosis and outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage. JAMA. 2004;291:866–869
- . Management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Crit Care Med. 2009;37:432–440
- Thunderclap headache and normal computed tomographic results: value of cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2008;83:1326–1331
- . Incidence and significance of early aneurysmal rebleeding before neurosurgical or neurological management. Stroke. 2001;32:1176–1180
- Cardiac troponin I and acute lung injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care. 2009;11:177–182
- . Neurogenic pulmonary edema and other mechanisms of impaired oxygenation after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care. 2004;2:157–170
- . The brain-heart connection. Circulation. 2007;116:77–84
- International subarachnoid aneurysm trial (ISAT) of neurosurgical clipping versus endovascular coiling in 2143 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms: a randomized comparison of effects on survival, dependency, seizures, rebleeding, subgroups, and aneurysm occlusion. Lancet. 2005;366:809–817
- . Clinical review: prevention and therapy of vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Crit Care. 2007;11:220
- Transcranial Doppler for predicting delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery. 2009;65:316–324
- Calcium antagonists for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Jul 18;(3):CD000277. Review.PMID: 17636626 http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab000277.html
- Resuscitation and critical care of poor grade subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery. 2009;64:397–411
- Milrinone as a rescue therapy for symptomatic refractory cerebral vasospasm in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care. 2009;11:165–171
- Clazosentan to overcome neurological ischemia and infarction occurring after subarachnoid hemorrhage (CONSCIOUS-1). Stroke. 2008;39:3015–3021
- Simvastatin in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (STASH): a multicenter randomised controlled clinical trial. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00731627Accessed November 22, 2009
- . Endocrine and metabolic dysfunction syndromes in the critically ill. Crit Care Clin. 2001;17:125–138
PII: S0011-5029(09)00151-5
doi: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2009.12.003
© 2010 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
« Previous
Disease-A-Month
Volume 56, Issue 2
, Pages 72-100
, February 2010
